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Light-pollution is the modern scourge of optical astronomy. More and more observing sites are being lost as the glare of city lighting blots out the night sky. Professional astronomical observatories are located far from cities, but amateur astronomers often do not have this luxury. This book considers the two available strategies open to astronomers – get rid of the light pollution by lobbying authorities and standards organisations, and minimize its effects by using the correct instrumentation. The book contains an extensive detailed catalogue of deep-sky and other objects that – despite what one might believe – can be seen from variously light-polluted sites, for practical observers.

Light Pollution: Responses and Remedies (Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series)

People pollute the water with chemicals and other hazardous materials. People have no regard to water – their source of life. There are many sources of water pollution but it is not the source that is really causing the problem but the improper disposal of the pollutants.

Aside from improper and careless waste disposal, another main cause of water pollution is toxic substances coming from industrial, agricultural and domestic use. Trace elements of lead, cadmium, mercury, dioxins are detected in different water sources which sometimes accumulate in the water supply causing health problems. These toxic substances come from industries such mining, power plants, automobile manufacturers and others that produce toxic substances leading to bodies of water. Apart from these industries, these toxic materials contaminate the water through accidents like chemical or oil spills.

One more main cause of water pollution is the presence of excessive nutrients in the water. Excess nutrients in water also result to excessive growth of algae that deprive aquatic plants and animals adequate levels of oxygen to survive.

Lastly, another considerable main cause of water pollution is sedimentation. Although it is hard to imagine how soil particles can contribute to water pollution, but it does.

Humans greatly affect the environment.

RLL Design athletic and sports field lighting can be used to light any type of arena, stadium, playing field, or sports center. Similar to floodlights, they can be mounted on metal or wooden poles to provide evenly distributed, glare free lighting of game areas, spectator stands, concession areas, and areas leading from the parking lot to the stands. RLL Design athletic and sports field lights feature multi-tap ballast control in voltages of 120, 208, 240, 277, and even 408V. Athletic and sports field lighting fixtures can either be 400 or 1500 watts in strength. With such a diversity, lighting design professionals and DIY installers can build a custom sports lighting system specific to the dimensions of their facility. Such a system will use power more efficiently and produce optimal foot-candles and color rendering for nighttime arena activity.

Certain types of athletic field lighting kits can be obtained from RLL Design. These kits have been pre-configured by lighting design experts on our staff who combine their knowledge of technology with their awareness of the needs of particular, individual sports. DIY clients can benefit greatly by investing in these kits, as each kit represents a singe purchase solution to the complex demands of an entire facility. Professional contractors can save time and money doing research into local light control regulations and calculations of necessary footcandle minimums. By working in partnership with an RLL Design specialist, all of this information can be readily passed to the contractor at the time of purchase. Professionals can assure their clients that the sports lighting kits they propose meet with all safety requirements for a particular game and dark sky laws intended to limit light pollution in various areas.

DIY lighting installers can rely on RLL Design’s trained team of experts to educate them in all pertinent light pollution laws, and to calculate optimal lighting levels needed for your athletic field. This makes your ultimate choice of a lighting kit or custom lighting system more seamless, as our consulting process will quickly determine which poles, mounts, and fixture types are most needed to fulfill your requirements. This reservoir of knowledge represents a professional level skill set available to the end user at the time of purchase at no additional charge. Extensive, ongoing consultation can also be arranged if necessary for a small, reasonable fee.

When looking to obtain sports field lighting fixture, poles, and accessories in any of the following athletic environments, it is best for both professional designers and DIY installers to rely on experts familiar with safety, power savings, and light pollution laws in order to avoid wasting time and possibly miscalculating one or two line items and buying the wrong equipment.

Soccer Field Lighting

Soccer field sports lighting depends a great deal on the height of the poles you choose, which is why RLL Design inventories a wide range of poles and pole mounting accessories so you can position your athletic field lights at that appropriate levels. RLL Design will assess the dimensions of your field, the nature of the surrounding property, and the lighting requirements in your community. We will then combine this data and develop the schematic for your soccer field lighting system. This makes choosing fixtures, mounts, and poles much more efficient and cost effective for both the professional and DIY installer alike.

Baseball Field Lighting

RLL Design baseball lighting fixtures feature sophisticated optics and advanced reflectors that generate superior lumens per watt output in comparison to competing models. The advantage this offers becomes immediately clear when smaller facilities and organizations can invest in smaller sports lighting fixtures and achieve the same results as inferior grade fixtures operating at higher wattages and temperatures. Professional designers can point out that safer conditions and more efficient use of power carry a built-in return on investment, giving their proposal stronger negotiating power when bidding on jobs for municipalities, little league associations, churches, and summer camps.

Softball Field Lighting

Softball field athletic lighting fixtures feature advanced anodized reflectors in 2, 4, 5, or 6 optic measurements engineered to increase lumens per watt output. This brings a competitive advantage to situations where clients are operating on tight budgets. Often, recreational softball fields require only 400W fixtures strategically positioned for effective lighting. This energy efficiency of a lower wattage system allows contractors to win bids in even the most competitive environments, and opens the doors for them to service everyone from small churches, rural school districts, and homeowners associations.

Volleyball Court Lighting

Most recreational volleyball courts can be lit with a general area sports lighting kit. Fixtures feature high-pressure sodium lights that provide excellent illumination and also work to repel insects. Clients who cannot afford custom lighting system design can still light their recreational courts with RLL Design’s helpful experts and prefab volleyball lighting kits.

Basketball Court Lighting

Metal Halide sports lights from RLL Design can make any basketball court look like a professional, all-star court regardless of size or location. Basketball court lights feature 400W and 1000W forward die cast fixtures, Davit style mounting brackets, and mounting hardware and base cover. With the help of an RLL Design expert, both professionals and DIY lighting installers can custom build a sports lighting system for any outdoor basketball court. Professionals can streamline their proposals with expert advice and special athletic lighting kits designed for recreational, half-sized, and full-size basketball courts, or they can custom design systems for any client by purchasing fixtures, mounts, and a wide variety of light poles separately with the help of their RLL Design representative.

Rodeo & Horse Arena Lighting

Horse arena and rodeo lights come in 400W and 1000W MH lamps that feature a powder coated die cast housing with a formed aluminum lid. Made to weather extremes of temperature in all US geographies, these full cutoff sports lighting fixtures also feature tempered flat glass lenses and gaskets with clamp band glare shielding. Engineered for flexibility in lighting design, equestrian sports lighting fixtures can be customized separately or purchased in a variety of kits for DIY installation.

Golf Course & Driving Range Lighting

RLL Design golf lights feature Solite-tempered, impact resistant glass. Halogen lamps provide clear lighting of greens throughout all hours of the night. Longer bulb life of up to 10,000 hours minimizes replacement costs, and added value comes to high-end clients who can adjust the level of lighting themselves to create soft lighting or even seasonal lighting effects for special events and holidays.

Football Field Lighting Fixtures

Football field athletic lighting fixtures feature lamps made of fine, tempered glass. Because football field lighting systems are normally highly individualized, RLL Design provides a wide variety of poles with 2, 3, or 4 light angle cross arm bars to build custom lighting systems. More precision in building custom systems with the help of RLL Design professional results in greater control of light pollution and minimal glare for players and spectators. RLL Design specialists are experts in foot-candle plotting and can even help you design an athletic field lighting system for a multi-function facility so you or your client can enjoy year-round use of the grounds during the off-season.

Tennis Court Lighting

Tennis court lighting kits are designed by RLLD sports lighting experts to produce optimal footcandle levels and excellent color rendering. A variety of optical systems and sophisticated reflectors keep the light centered in the court and avoid spilling it into surrounding buildings and homes. A wide range of poles allows for precise positioning of tennis lights to allow you to clearly see both the court and the ball in play. Custom systems can also be developed with the help of an RLL Design consultant to ensure full compliance of United States Tennis Court and Track Building Association.

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Photostory assignment for TL 5141

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rlldesign.com. For more information on Athletic and Sports Field Lighting visit us online.

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com – Athletic and Sports Field Lighting

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A short video depicting the horrors of light pollution.

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If you’re from a major metropolitan area such as Los Angeles or New York, then you’re surely familiar with all the bright lights that illuminate every busy intersection, billboard, department store and street. With the populous amount of lighting that turns any large city ablaze light pollution becomes a major problem. Light pollution is one of the culprits as to why we can’t even see the infinite amount of stars in the night sky; the other major culprit being air pollution. Combine the two together and you have a recipe for a smoggy, hazy atmosphere that blankets the city.

Aside from the fact that we have a lot, and I mean, a lot of lights in the city, why is light pollution such a rampant and growing problem? The reason could be because we’re not utilizing our lights correctly. Let’s use a small scale model as an example: let’s say you just purchased a table lamp for your living room. There’s nothing unusual about it, it has a basic accordion-styled lamp shade, a three-way power switch, and it uses a compact fluorescent bulb (because incandescent bulbs are not energy efficient). You understand that if you were to not use a lamp shade then the light wouldn’t be contained to one area of the room, scattering it in different areas. Granted that the light bulb is indeed bright, it wouldn’t be efficient and logical to not control where the light goes; that’s why we use the lamp shades.

Now, take that scenario and multiply it by 100 fold; the lack of control over outdoor lighting is a major reason why light pollution is such an issue. According to a light pollution article found on Wikipedia.org, there are a few ways that cities can help reduce light pollution such as improving lighting fixtures so that they’re fixed with lighting accuracy, reevaluating lighting plans and figure out where lighting is necessary, and even switching over to a different type of lighting (fluorescent versus incandescent bulbs).

Regardless, light pollution is bad for the environment and for our psyche. If the problem continues to grow, we’ll all soon forget what it’s like to be able to see the night sky. With proper control and improvements to city lights and household lighting, losing the look of a natural night sky and wasting light will not have to be a certainty.

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Part 2a Light Pollution at night while you sleep is cancer causing. Ps Benny Hinn and Dr Don Colbert on Health Food

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(For those not so bright people out there, light pollution has nothing to do with climate change or chemicals or anything like that)

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For an wide selection in floor lamp, chandeliers and bathroom lighting, visit Eco-Lights.com today.